WebPKI Observatory — Jurisdiction Risk
China, Russia, the United Kingdom, and Australia present the highest jurisdictional risk due to legal frameworks enabling compelled disclosure, surveillance requirements, or restrictions on encryption. India and Turkey occupy a moderate-risk tier with evolving data localization and lawful access mandates. These classifications reflect the legal environment facing CAs domiciled in each country, not the trustworthiness of specific operators, though jurisdiction creates baseline exposure that operational excellence cannot fully eliminate.